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| ▒ Marxism and Women’s Liberation |
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| Judith Orr 지음 |
| 출판사 - Bookmarks |
| 초판일 - 2015-01-01 |
| ISBN - 9781909026971 |
| 조회수 : 644 |
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● 목 차
1 Great expectations 7
2 Oppression explained 21
3 The origins of women’s oppression 33
4 It’s a family affair 54
5 Gender: boys will be boys and girls will be girls 72
6 The first wave of the women’s movement 93
7 The second wave 107
8 The renaissance of feminism today 139
9 Why sexual liberation is important 162
10 Trading places: can we win under capitalism? 187
11 Why class offers agency 199
12 Women and revolution 214
Notes 234
Bibliography 252
Index 258
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 맨위로
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● 책 소개
This excellent book looks at a wide range of issues, including:
- the continuing inequalities that women face today;
- the current debates about the nature and causes of women’s oppression, and about how best to fight it;
- the origins of women’s oppression with rise of the first class societies;
- how capitalism and the ruling class benefit from the oppression of women, and the role that the family plays in this process;
- the need for working class unity in order to get rid of both capitalist exploitation AND women’s oppression.
The book is an updated and much-expanded version of the author’s earlier little booklet, “Sexism and the System”, and my review here draws heavily on my previous review of that booklet. I must stress that it is well worth buying this book even if you have already read “Sexism and the System”.
The author is a Marxist, and there has been a lot of debate about the relationship between Marxism, feminism and the struggle for women’s liberation. Some feminists claim that by focusing primarily on class conflict, Marxists do not take the fight for women’s equality seriously enough. Judith Orr shows that this is not the case.
Marxists agree with all the various types of feminists that women are oppressed, and Marxists have an excellent record of fighting alongside these feminists in campaigns against the various manifestations of sexism and women’s oppression. But when it comes to understanding what CAUSES women’s oppression and what is the best way to END this oppression, Marxists have a distinctive position, which is outlined in this book.
But what about this word “feminism”? Are Marxists like Judith Orr “feminists”? The problem is that different people use the word to mean different things. If you are just using the word “feminist” to mean a person who fights for equality for women, then Marxists are by definition feminists.
However, the word is usually associated with some form of “patriarchy theory”. Patriarchy does not just mean sexism and women’s oppression; it means “rule by men” or “male power”. The problem with this is that it tends to lead to the conclusion that all men are the problem and that all women, whatever their class, should unite to fight against male power.
But society is not ruled by all men. It is ruled by the capitalist class. Orr shows that it is capitalism, not the whole male sex, which benefits from the oppression of women. Indeed gender inequalities have always been linked to class divisions, ever since the rise of class societies.
Working class women have nothing in common with ruling class women. Ruling class women suffer from sexism, of course, but with their nannies and cleaners they do not face the “double burden” that working class women face. In fact ruling class women are involved in the exploitation of working class women (and working class men). They are not the “sisters” of working class women.
Orr shows that we need to fight sexism in the here and now, but also that the only way to end all types of oppression for good is for the working class – women and men – to unite in struggle and get rid of capitalism.
One final point needs to be made. Some feminists dismiss Marxism because the oppression of women continued in the so-called “communist” countries such as China and the former USSR. But these regimes are/were actually bureaucratic state capitalist tyrannies, not socialist or communist in the genuine sense. Orr mentions the fantastic steps towards women’s liberation that were taken following the Russian Revolution of 1917, but she also shows that these gains did not survive Stalin’s counter-revolution in the 1920s.
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